Vessel for aerial navigation and machinery for propelling the same



(No Modeh) A 6 SheetsSneet I.

A. L. BLAOKMAN. VESSEL FOR AERIAL NAVIGATION AND MACHINERY FOR PROPELLING THE SAME.

No. 250,417. Patented Dec. 6,1881.

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(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 2.

A. L. BLAOKMAN. v VESSEL EoE AEEIAL NAVIGATION AND MACHINERY EOE PROPELLING THE SAME.

No. 250,417. Patented Dec. 6,1881;

(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 3.

' A. L. BLACKMAN.

VESSEL FOR AERIAL NAVIGATION AND MACHINERY FOR PROPELLING THE SAME.

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(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 4.

' A. L. BLAOKMAN.

VESSEL FOR AERIAL NAVIGATION AND MACHINERY FOR PROPELLING THE-SAME.

No]. 250,417. Patented Dec. 6,1881.

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(No Model.) -6 ShegtsShe et 5.

A.-L. BLAOKMAN. VESSEL, FOR AERIAL NAVIGATION AND MAGHINERY FOR PROPELLING THE SAME.

No. 250,417. Pgdtented 1190. 6 1881.-

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(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 6.

A. L. BLAGKMAN. VESSEL FOR AERIAL NAVIGATION ANDMAOHINERY FOR PROPELLING THE SAME.

No. 250,417. Patented Dec. 6.1881.

H. PETERS. ihmo-Lflhcgnpher, Wnhinglon. n. C.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALBERT L. BLAOKMAN, OF NASHVILLE, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-FOURTH TO E. F. FALGONNET, OF DAVIDSON COUNTY, TENNESSEE.

VESSEL FOR AERIAL NAVIGATION AND MACHINERY FOR PROPELLING THE SAME.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 250,417, dated December 6, 1881. Application filed March 5, 1880. Renewed May20,1881. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ALBERT LIVINGSTON BLAGKMAN, of Nashville, in the county of Davidson and State of Tennessee, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ves-' sels and Machinery for Handling and Propelling Vessels for Aerial Navigation; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use the same, reference being bad to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of an aerial vessel operated by one raising,lowering, and propelling screw on each side and a compound raising, lowering, steering, and propelling screw aft. Fig.2 is a transverse section,- showingthe side screws in position for propelling. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal horizontal section of the same. Fig. etis a plan view of the actuating machinery for the same, showing the revolving cylinder carrying a motive shaft with a universal joint and the combined steering movement. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of the revolving shaft, showing the loop-jaws, shifting bed K, motive-shaft 0, universal joint, and propelling, steering, lowering, and raising screw, with the reversing-gear. Fig. 6 is a transverse section of the same cut through the dotted lines a a, showing the epicycloidal reversing-gear. Fig. 7 is a longitudinal horizontal section of the revolving cylinder and loopjaw, showing motive-shaft 0, universal joint, rack on shifting bed K, shaft 2,and gear-wheel 1. Fig. 8 is atransverse section of the same cut through the dotted lines a; as, showing the loop-jaws w w, shifting bed K, slot Z, rack a,

pinion 1, and end of propelling-shaft 0. Fi

9 is a transverse section of the same, taken through the dotted lines 3 y, showing the loopjaws to w, shifting bed K, beveled gear-wheel 1, and journal-bearing t for propelling-shaft. Fig. 10 is a plan view of the actuating machinery, showing the driving-shaft, revolving cylinders, driving pulleys and belts, universal joints, and the machinery for changing or reversing the raising, loweri ng, steering, and propellingscrews,alsoshown. Fig.11isasideelevation ofashuttle-shaped aerial vessel,showing two screws on the side, a shifting steering, raising, lowering, and driving screw aft. Fig. 12 is alongitudinal horizontal section of the same, showing the gunwales, thwarts, actuating machinery and its connections, the shifting, lowering, raising, steering, and propelling screw aft, with its universal-joint connections, two sets of lowering, raising, and propelling side screws and connecting revolving cylinders, and the cross-girders. elevation of a shuttle-shaped aerial ship, showing a sheathed nose and a steering-screw forward. Fig. 14 is a longitudinal horizontal section of the same, showing the frame-work and machinery as in Fig. 12, together with a steering, raising, and lowering screw forward with universal-joint connections. Fig. 15 is a trans verse section of the vessel, showing the gallery, location of engine, gas-field, fire-proof division-walls, decks, 8m, with the side screws. Fig. 16 is the stern of a rounded-end aerial vessel, showing a set of twin shifting lowering, raising, steering, and propelling screws. Fig. 17 is a longitudinal vertical section of the vessel, showing, in partial perspective, the gunwales O, thwarts D, cross-girders c c, &c.,cnrved Fig. 13 is a side frame J, cross-girdersff, &c., suspenders d v d, &c., stanchions I l, &c., partitions k to gaschambers, c.

My invention relates to improvements in vessels for aerial navigation constructed of and on alight frame-work of wires, rods, thin metal tubing, or other suitable material, secured at the intersections, wholly covered with or incased in silk, linen, thin metal, canvas, or other suitable material, made air and gas tight and fire and water proof by paint, varnish, or any compound in use, secured to the frame-work, presenting in form a cylinder with conoidal ends, or the grayling fish, or a shuttle. The upper part or gas-field is divided into compartments and subdivided into chambers of suitable form and proper dimensions by partitions, is also made air and gas tight and fire-proof. Each chamber is provided with'aninduct and educt pipe, automatic valves, and stop-cocks, and connected by a suitable device to a general exhaust-pipe. The lower part, or hull, is

- and store rooms, coal-bunkers, gas-condensers,

ceiling, and is divided into cabins cutinto compartments, comprising the machinery, engine,

&c., all substantially stayed, strengthened, and

supported by braces, cross-braces, suspenders,

and supports of metal or any light material, and consists in revolving rotating screws on the sides secured to and revolved on cylinders working in journal-bearings on the interior of the vessel, a shifting, revolving and rotating, steering, raising, lowering, and propelling screw aft, a revolving and rotating, steering, lowering, and raising screw forward, all handled and worked by motive machinery inside of the vessel, a gallery around the sides, doors, windows, and ventilators in the shell and proper ground-tackle.

My'invention also relates to improvements in machinery for raising, lowering, steering, and propelling aerial vessels, consistin gof combined reciprocating and revolving cylindrical shafts and belt-sheaths provided with pulley wheels, idlers, knotted or corrugated gear for endless chain-belt; beveled gear, adjusting-levers, endless belts, and general driving-shaft for handling and rotating the side screws; a reciprocating revolving cylindrical shaft provided with movable bearings, revolving shafts, and beveled gear for shifting the propelling, steering, raising, and lowering screw aft as well as the steering-screw forward, the whole connected by friction-clutches with the propellingengine through one general driving-shaft, and all inside of the vessel proper.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

The dome-ridgeA, preferably oftubing, formingan ellipsoidal curve or a plane, curved at the ends over irom the stem to the stern of the vessel, secured at the ends in metal collars I) b is the main upper shaping-support of the vessel.

At a proper distance below the dome-ridge, running fore and aft, with its ends secured in the ridge A, is a cord, E, preferably of tubing. To the dome-ridge A and cord E the upper part of the gas-bags is made secure their entire length. At the foot of thedome-ridge'A, running parallel with cord E, is a second cord, F, preferably of tubing, secured by the ends in the metal collars b b at the nodes. The cord F is the base of the gas-field, the longitudinal support of the vessel, and the support for the ceiling of the cabin and the machinery used in handling the vessel.

Passing beneath the vessels bull in an ellipsoidal curve from the metal collar 1) forward to the collar b aft, in which it is secured by the ends, is a keelson, H, preferably of tubing, which gives form and strength to the vessels keel. At a proper distance above the keelson,

' running parallel with cord F, is a third cord,

Gr, preferably of tubing, with the ends secured fore and aft in the keelson H, to which it imparts strength, serving at the same time as a support for the store-room and cabin-floors and ceiling for the engine and other compartments below.

Secured in asubstantial manner to the domeridge at proper intervals from stem to stern of the vessel is a series of stanchions, I I I, 860., preferably of tubing, which, passing down through girders E, F, and G, where they are secured, take foot in and are firmly secured to the keelson H, thus uniting, strengthening, and supporting firmly in place the perpendicular framework of the vessel.

At right angles to the dome-ridge A, on a plane with cord F, both ends of each secured by the ends in the collars b b at the nodes, are two corresponding ellipsoidally-curved gun wales, O 0, preferably of tubing, which give breadth to the vessel. On thesame plane, running within and parallel to the gunwales O G, are two other ellipsoidally-curved what may be called thwarts, D D, preferably of tubing, securedby the ends to the cord F.

Intersecting and secured to the gunwales O O, thwarts D D, and cord F, at proper intervals from stem to stern, is a series of crossgirders, c c c c, &c., which maintain the vessels beam, support from below the gas-bags and the cabins fire-proof deck (1, and sustain the actuating machinery.

Secured by the ends in andon the same plane with cord G,and running parallel with thwarts D D, is a second ellipsoidally-curved frame, J J, preferably of tubing supported from above by suspenders and stays (I (Z d, 8:0. Secured by the ends in the frame J J, and passing through cord G, to which they are made fast, is a'second series of cross-girders,fff, &o., preferably of tubing, which form the support for the floor of the cabin and deck for the store-room, &c.

In addition to being the nodes for the stem and stern of the vessel, in which the general frame-work has footing, the metal collars b 1) form the journal bearings for the revolving shafts, which carry the steering, lowering, and raising screw forward and the propelling, steering, lowering, and raising screw aft.

h h [b h are journal-bearings secured in the sides of the vessel,for the reciprocating revolving shafts which carry the side screws.

B B B B are the gas-bags, filling the entire area on both sides of the stanchions I I, 850.,

between the vessels ceiling d and the domeridge A. These bags are constructed of silk, linen, thin metal, canvas, or any suitable strong light material, rendered air and gas tight and water and fire proof by paint, varnish, or other compound, and are subdivided into compartments and chambers by partitions 7c k, 850.,

also made air and gas tight and fire-proof.

These chambers are each provided wit an automatic valve and stop-cock, and by an educt and induct pipe connected with the gas-condensers, and by stop-cock to a general Wastepipe. By this arrangement, in the event of one of the chambers leaking or there being too much or too little gas in it, the defect can be readily remedied by either drawing off the gas for storing, permitting it to escape through the waste-pipes, or supplyinga deficit from the gas-condenser.

By dividing the gas-bags into chambers the vessel is not left solely to the mercyof anyone accident to the gas-bags, as an injury ordinarily cannot affect the entire supply of gas.

While the gas-bags may be constructed of the same material and of the same piece as the casing of the hull of the vessel, and otherwise lashed to the frame-work as herein pointed out, I prefer to make them separate and secure them in place by lashing them thoroughly at the top to the dome-ridge A and cord E, and at the base to the gunwales O O, thwarts D D, cord 1*, stanchions I I, 850., and crossgirders c c c, &c., overlying, staying, and supporting the entire vessel by a substantial balicon-netting.

N N are screws of very large propulsive power, constructed of a light frame-work covered with some strong light material, placed, respectively, on the sides of the vessel. screws are designed to raise, to lower, or vto propel the vessel. The description of one of these screws will serve for all. The hub of the screw terminates in a shaft, L, having journals n n and flanges, shoulders, or collarsjj. The

0 journals n a take bearings and work in journal-boxings i 1" within the revolving cylinden shafts M M.

Secured on shafts L are vaults or pulleywheels q, through which motion is conveyed to the screw from a general driving-shaft, O, by means ofan endless belt, Screws 0 and P, also of large propulsive power, constructed in the same manner as are the side screws, N N, are secured to and rotated by a revolving shaft, 0, broken by universaljoints T, retained and operating in journalbearings fixed in revolving cylinders M M and in the shifting bed K, secured between upper and lowerjaws, 'w to, which terminate the cylinders M M at Shifting bed K is a heavy metal ring or circle, with an axle boxing, 4?, through one face,

. the vessel.

and a horizontal slot, l, (long enough to permit the bed K to be moved and the motiveshaft to have free play,) in the opposite face, and a corrugated or cogged rack, u, on one edge, the length of and immediately over slot 1, in which the coggcd wheel or pinion 1, carried on and by revolving shaft 2, operating within revolving cylinders M M meshes.

Hollow sleeves, tubes, or cylinder-shafts M M M M which may be moved laterally by the aid of levers thereto respectively attached, revolve on their axes, as well in bearings in hangers secured to the framework within the vessel as in bearings I1, h ]L2 h in the sides of the vessel and b b in the bow and stern of Cylinders M M have idlers within and a beveled-gear band, m, surrounding their mouth; and axle boxings or bearings '5 i: at the opposite end carry the side screws,

. N N, and act as sheaths for the endless pro- These pellingbelts p, and by being revolved give new directions to the force of the side screws, N N, either to raise, lower, or propel the vessel. The lateral motion is given to loosen or tighten the belts p. The idlers inside are useful to prevent friction from or heating by the movement of the belt.

The gear-band m, meshing into the bevelgear wheel m on shaft m, is employed to revolve on their axes the cylinders M M.

The revolving shaft 0, to which screws 0 and P are attached by universal joint T, is carried longitudinally through the vessel, passing through cylinders M M and sleeves 0 and forms themain driving-shaftofthe vessel. This shaft has bcarin s in the shifting bed K, cylinders M M and in hangers secured to the framework within the vessel. The sleeve 0 is divided into sections, and serves as an axle for the double-pulley wheelspp, which restagainst shoulders 4 4, and are held in place by a movable toothed clutch, r r, adjusted to the main shaft O,as well astor the driving pulley wheels 0 0, which receive, through belts O 0 from the driving-belt wheels t t, connected with the motive-engine, the power and motion that actuate the entire machinery. The pulleywheels 0 0 are also secured on their axes by friction-clutches. These toothed or friction clutches are handled by levers and govern the starting or stopping of the machiner To be more explicit, I wish to say the sleeve or shaft 0 is divided into sections near each pulley thereon operating. The portion between the driving-pulleys 0 0 is separated in the center, and may, revolve on shaft 0 without conveying motion to any other part of the vessel. Then by bringing into juxtaposition friction-clutch 0, the screw, either fore or aft, may be rotated through shaft 0, and by coupling the toothed clutch r to the double pulley orp, fore or aft,

as the case may be, or to both, if desired, the pulley is secured in place and made to rotate with the shaft, carrying with it screws N N. It will thus be seen that either one or both of the end screws, or any set of the side screws, may be set in motion independent of any of the others; or all may be employed at one and the same time, if so desired.

0n cylinders M M near the end, within the vessel, is a bevel-gear band, 0 0, that gears into a bevel gear wheel, s,fixed on the ends of shaft 5, which correspond to shafts m 121, used for the purpose of revolving cylinders M M simultaneously on their axes when it is desired to change the direction of the action of the screws fore and aft. Within these cylinders each are two revolving shafts, O and 2. Shaft 0 passes down through the center of the cylinder and into universal joint T, and carries and conveys power and motion to the screw. Shaft 2 passes down through and near one side of the cylinder in properjournal-bearings, and carries at one end a gear-wheel, 1, used in moving the shifting bed K to the right or left when it is desired to change the position or action of the screw, and at the other end a small pinion or cogged wheel, 8, which passes through a slot, 'v,in the cylinder M M meshing in ahoop, v, spurred on the periphery '0 and cogged on the inside 1".

3 is a chain-belt, carried around hoop 'v and a corrugated pulley, (not shown,) by means of which hoop v is revolved, carrying the pinion s, forming an epicycloidal wheel, by which the shaft 2 is revolved on its axis, thereby changing the position of the shifting bed K without regard to the position of cylinder M M The combination and action ofthese wheels are more clearly shown in Fig. 6.

To give a clearer idea of the construction of the cylinders M M and the shafts therein working, I will describe one of them more fully.

Cylinder M is a long metal tube or cylinder, of uniform diameter, terminating at the end beyond the vessel in a loop or a double loop parallel to each other, with sufficient space between them to admit the shifting bed K, Figs. 5, 8, and 9. Within the cylinder are two sets ofjournal-bearings, one in the center, the other near one side. In the set in the center the driving-shaft O rests and revolves. In the set near the side the shifting-shaft 2 rests and revolves. Shaft O is broken near the center of the loop by a universal joint, and continues out through ajournal-bearing, 'i, Fig. 9, in the shifting bed K into the hub of the screw P, having passed through a slot, I, Fig. 8, in the opposite side. While in this position the screw operates directly astern. On the upper edge of the shifting bed K, over the slot, is a cogged rack or beveled rack, which meshes with the wheel 1 on shaft 2. By revolving shaft 2 by the chainbelt 3 through cog-wheel s, gear-wheel 1 carries the shifting bed K around its own axis untiljournal-bearingi and the screw are carried to the side ofthe cylinder. Then by revolving the cylinder on its own axis the screw is carried up or down or from side to side, at the will of the engineer. (See Fig. 5.)

W is the motive-engine, and communicates, through band-wheels t t, endless belts 0 0 and pulley-wheels 0 o, propulsive power to shaft 0.

While describing a single screw fore and aft, I do not desire to confine my operations to one screw, as shown in Fig. 16. 1 use, when the breadth of the vessel will admit of it, what I call twin screws, operated and managed on the same general principle.

I want it distinctly understood that in the construction of my vessel 1 make my gas-bags, vessels hull, decks, ceilings, cabin-floor, and state-rooms fire-proof, and fit up, furnish, and provision my vessel as sea-going vessels are now provided with furniture, beds, bedding,&c. When constructed as described and shown, I employ just sufficient gas to give the vessel equipoise while on the ground, and rely upon my screws for carrying the vessel upward and forward, and expect to control it in the air with the same facility with which vessels in the water are handled.

Having now fully described my invention, what I esteem as new, and desire to protect by Letters Patent, is

1. A vessel for aerial navigation, consisting of a hull and gas-field subdivided into compartments, the whole constructed within one shell, on one general frame, in the form of a shuttle or the salmon fish, provided with ashifting propelling, raising, lowering, and steering screw aft, and. a shifting steering, raising, lowering, and propelling screw forward, attached respectively to revolving cylinders M M and each coupled by universal joints T to revolving shafts 0, connected with the actuating machinery within the vessel, substantially as shown and described.

2. A vessel for aerialnavigation, consisting of a hull and gas-field subdivided into'compartments, the whole constructed within one shell, on one general frame, in the form of a shuttle or the salmon fish, provided with ashifting propelling, raising, lowering, and steering-screw aft, attached to revolving cylinder M and coupled by universal joint T to revolving shaft 0, connected with the actuating machinery within the vessel, substantially as shown and described.

3. A vessel for aerial navigation, consisting of a hull and gas-field subdivided into compartments, the whole constructed within one shell, on one general frame, in the form of a shuttle or the salmon fish, provided with ashifting propelling, raising, lowering, and steering screw aft, a shifting steering, raising, lowering, and propelling'screw forward, attached respectively to revolving cylinders M M and each coupled by universal joint T to revolving shaft 0, and with raising, lowering, and propelling screws on the sides, secured torevolvin g cylinders M M from the interior, and all connected with and propelled by actuating machinery within the vessel, substantially as shown and described.

4. A vessel for aerial navigation, built on one general frame and under one cover, provided with a shifting lowering, raising, steering, and propelling screw aft, a shifting steering, lowering, and raising screw forward connected by universal joints to and propelled by revolving shafts from theinside of the Vessel, which pass out fore and aft through revolving cylinders and take bearings in shifting beds located between circular jaws formed on the ends of the cylinders fore and aft of the vessel, substantially as shown and described.

5. A vessel for aerial navigation, comprising hull and gas-field subdivided into compartments, the whole constructed within one shell, on one general frame, and provided with twin shifting lowering, raising, steering, and propelling screws aft, attached respectively to revolving cylinders, and each coupled by universal joints to revolving shafts connected with the actuating machinery within the vessel, a steering, lowering, and raising screw forward, and raising, lowering, and propelling screws IIO on the sides, all actuated by machinery within the vessel, substantially as shown and described.

6. An aerial vessel on one frame and one cover, made air and gas tight and fire and water proof, provided with a revolving cylinder, terminating in upper and lower circular jaws, grasping a shifting bed for carrying and changing the position of the after screw used for raising, lowering, steering, and propelling the vessel, substantially as shown and described. i

7. An aerial vessel constructed on one frame and under one cover, made air and gas tight and fire and water proof, provided with revolving cylinders coming through from the inside fore and aft, and terminating circular jaws W W, for carrying shifting beds K for changing the positions of the raising, lowering, steering, and propelling screws located fore and aft of the vessel, substantially as shown and described.

8. Revolving cylinder-shafts M M terminatingat the outerendsin loopedjaws,in which are secured'the circular beds for changing the direction of the screws fore and aft, provided with journal -bearings, and carrying on the inside two revolving shafts, one for driving the propelling, steering, raising, and lowering screw,'the other provided with a pinion at one end, which meshes in and rotates the'circular beds K, and at the other a pinion or cogged wheel, which passesout through aslotin the cylinders and meshes in rotating band 12, cogged on the inside and spurred on the periphery, in combination with circular beds K, substantially as shown and described.

9. Revolving cylinder-shafts M M terminating in the outer ends in looped jaws, and provided with arotating band, '0, spurred on the periphery and cogged or corrugated on the inner side of the circle, substantially as shown and described.

10. Revolving cylinder-shafts M M terminating in loopedjaws WV Wat one end, having a slot, 'v, in the side near the other, provided with a rotating band, a, cogged on the inside and spurred on the periphery, in combination with an endless chain and corrugated pulleywheel, for the purpose of revolvingin its bearings shaft 2, provided with a pinion on the inner end, which meshes in the inner side of the band 22, and a cogged wheel on the other, which meshes with and moves the shifting bed K, substantially as shown and described.

11. Revolving cylinder-shafts M M, terminating in looped jaws K, having secured on the opposite end a beveled-gear band, 0", in combination with a beveled-gear wheel, 8, secured on shaft 5, for the purpose of revolving the cylinder-shafts on their respective axes simultaneously, substantially as shown and described.

12. In combination, revolving cylinders M M and M M bevel-gear bands, and beveled-gear wheels, for simultaneously revolving the cylinders, substantially as shown and described.

13. In combination, the revolving cylinders M M, terminating at one end in looped jaws w 'w, and provided with journal-bearings on the inside, the actuating-shaft O, shaft 2, and shifting bed K, substantially as shown and described.

14. In combination, the revolving cylindershafts M M terminating at one end in loops to w, and provided with journal-bearings on the inside, the shifting bed K, rotating bands 12, cogged on the inside and spurred on the periphery, shaft 2, and actuating-shaft 0, substantially as shown and described.

15. In combination,revolvingcylinder-shafts M MZ-terminating at one end in looped jaws, revolving shaft 2, having pinions at both ends and working in journal-bearings within the cylinders, rotating band 1;, cogged on the inside and spurred on the periphery, the endless chain-belt 3, and changingbed K for changing the direction of the screws, substantially as shown and described.

16. In combination,revolvingcylinder-shafts and circular bed K, the latter having a journal-bearing, i, in one face, a slot, Z, in the opposite, and provided with a cogged rack on the upper edge, substantially as shown and described.

17. In combination,revolving cylinder-shafts having corrugated or bevel-gear bands at one end, rotating band spurred on the periphery and cogged on the inner edge, endless chainbelt, cogged pinion s, passing through slot o, revolving shaft 2, carrying pinions at each end, circular bed K, revolving shaft 0, universal joint T, and shifting, raising, lowering, steerin g, and propelling screws for vessels for aerial navigation, substantially as shown and described.

18. Revolving driving-shaft 0, broken near the outer ends by universal joints T, incased partitslengthinsegregatedsleeves O ,on which are adjusted driving belt-pulleys 0 0 and double belt-pulleys p 12, secured in place thereon by toothed or friction clutches r r and fixed shoulders 4, in combination with a motive power for handling and propelling vessels for aerial navigation, substantially as shown and described.

19. Revolving driving-shaft 0, broken near the outer ends by universal joints, incased part its length in movable segregated sleeves 0 in combination with friction or toothed clutches o 0 and driving belt-pulleys 0 0 for conveying power, fixed shoulders 4 4, and friction or toothed clutches W, for securing in place double belt-pulleys p 19, through which power is communicated to belts p 12, substantially as shown and described.

20. Revolving driving-shaft O, as described, in combination with revolving cylinders M M shifting bed K, and shifting, raising, lowering,steering, and propellingfore and aft screws 0 P for vessels for aerial navigation, substantially as shown and described.

21. Revolving driving-shaft 0, broken near the outer ends by universal joints '1, incased part its length in movable segregated sleeves in combination with friction or toothed clutches 0 0, driving belt-pulleys 0 0, fixed shoulders 4 4, double belt-pulleys 19 p, securing friction or toothed clutches 1' "r, revolving cylinders M M shifting beds K, raising,lowering, steering, and propelling fore and aft screws 0 P, beveled gear a l, pinion s, shaft 2, rotating band a, cogged on the inside and spurred on the periphery, and the endless chain-belt 3,.for propelling and changing the course of vessels for aerial navigation, substantially as shown and described.

22. Revolving driving-shaft 0, broken near the outer ends by universal joints T, incased part its length in movable segregated sleeves O in combination with toothed clutches 0 0, driving belt-pulleys 0 0, fixed shoulders 4 4, toothed clutches r 1', double belt-pulleys 1) 10, endless belts p p, vaults q q, and the raising, lowering, and propelling side screws for vessels for aerial navigation, substantially as shown and described.

23. Revolving side shafts, M M, provided with idlers within their mouths and friction bevel-gear bands m without, and with journalbearings i t" nearthe outer end, in combination with vaults q q, shafts L,screws N N, endless belts pp, and double pulley-wheelspp, for handling vessels for aerial navigation, substantially as shown and described.

24. Revolving side shafts,M M, provided with idlers within their mouths and friction bevel-gear bands mwithout,and with journalbearings 43 i near the outer ends, in combination with vaults q q, shafts L, screws N N, endless belts p double pulley-wheels p, toothed clutch r 'r, fixed shoulder 4, movable segregated sleeve 0 revolving d rivin g-shaft O, toothed clutches 0 0, driving belt-pulleys 0 0, endless belt 0 and band-wheels t it, connected with the motive-engine W, for handling and propelling vessels for aerial navigation, substantially as shown and described.

25. Revolvingshaft O, segregated sleeves O driving-pulleys 0 0, double pulleys p, and friction-shoulders 4, in combination with toothed clutches 0 0 and r r, substantially as shown and described.

26. Revolving shaft 0, segregated sleeve 0 driving-pulleys 0, double pulleys p, frictionshoulders 4, and toothed clutches 0 and r, in combination with revolving cylinders M M substantially as shown and described,

27. Revolving shaft 0, segregated sleeve 0 driving-pulleys 0, double pulleys p, frictionshoulders 4, toothed clutches 0 and r, revolving cylinders M M and universaljoints T, substantially as shown and described.

28. Revolving shai'tO, segregated sleeve 0 driving-pulleys 0, double pulleys p, friction-' shoulders 4, toothed clutches 0 and r, revolving cylinders M M universal joints T, and shifting bed K, in combination with raising, steering, propelling, and lowering screws fore and aft on vessels for aerial navigation, substantially as shown and described.

29. Revolving shaftO,segregated sleeve 0 driving-pulleys 0, actuating belt-wheel t, belt 0 double pulleys p, friction shoulders 4, toothed clutches 0 and r, endless driving-belt p, belt-sheaths and revolving cylinders MM, vaults q,journal-bearings u u, and side screws, N N, in combination with vessels for aerial navigation, substantially as shown and described.

30. In combination, beveled-gear bands m on the ends of revolving cylinders M M, gearwheels m and revolving shafts m, for simultaneously revolving on their respective axes revolving cylinders M M and changing the direction of the side screws, N N, substantially as shown and described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own invention I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

A. L. BLAGKMAN.

Witnesses WM. 1?. YOUNG, D. W. GLASSIE. 

